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Indiana Jones is a fictional archaeologist and adventurer created by George Lucas, first appearing in Steven Spielberg's Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981). The franchise has grown to include five feature films, a television series (The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles), numerous novels, comic books, and video games. Set primarily in the 1930s, the series follows Dr. Henry 'Indiana' Jones Jr., a professor of archaeology at Marshall College, as he races against Nazis, cultists, and rival treasure hunters to recover powerful historical artifacts. More Less
1885
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Rider Haggard's safari guide and big game hunter Allan Quatermain appeared in King Solomon's Mines (1885) and its seventeen sequels and prequels. He is a notable template for the character of Indiana Jones.
Image source: Allan Quatermain
1912
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Professor Challenger was created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1912 for his novel The Lost World, and is one of the possible bases for Indiana Jones.
Image source: Professor Challenger
1925
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British archaeologist Percy Fawcett spent much of his life exploring the jungles of northern Brazil and was last seen in 1925 returning to the Amazon Basin to look for the Lost City of Z.
Image source: Percy Fawcett
1947
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Carl Barks created Scrooge in 1947 as a one-off relation for Donald Duck in the latter's self-titled comic book. This appreciation of Scrooge as an adventurer influenced the development of Indiana Jones.
Image source: Scrooge McDuck
1948
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Yale University professor, historian, US senator, and explorer Hiram Bingham III rediscovered and excavated the lost city of Machu Picchu, chronicling his find in the bestselling book The Lost City of the Incas in 1948.
Image source: Hiram Bingham III
Sep 1954
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The prologue of Raiders of the Lost Ark contains homage to Carl Barks' Scrooge adventure "The Seven Cities of Cibola", published in Uncle Scrooge #7 from September 1954.
Image source: Uncle Scrooge
2003
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In 2003, the American Film Institute ranked Indiana Jones the second-greatest film hero of all time.
2008
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Jones' whip was the third most popular film weapon, as shown by a 2008 poll held by 20th Century Fox that surveyed approximately two thousand film fans.
Image source: Bullwhip
2008
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In 2008, the industry magazine Archaeology named eight past and present archaeologists who they felt embodied Jones's spirit as recipients of the Indy Spirit Awards.
Image source: Archaeology (magazine)
Jul 1, 1899
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Within the fiction, Indiana Jones was born July 1, 1899, and his middle name is Walton, which was George Lucas's middle name.
Image source: Indiana Jones (character)
1908 - 1910
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The child Indiana episodes follow the boy's travels around the globe from 1908 to 1910 as he accompanies his parents on his father's worldwide lecture tour.
Image source: The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles
1912
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The introduction of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, set in 1912, provided backstory to the character: the origin of his fear of snakes, his use of a bullwhip, the scar on his chin, and his hat; it also reveals that "Indiana" is a nickname taken from the family dog.
Image source: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
1939 - 1945
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The fourth film reveals that Jones was recruited by the Office of Strategic Services during World War II, attaining the rank of colonel in the United States Army.
Image source: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
1947
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In-universe lore established by Kingdom of the Crystal Skull holds that in 1947 Indiana Jones was forced to investigate the Roswell UFO incident, an investigation that involved him in affairs related to Hangar 51.
Image source: Roswell incident
1969 - 1993
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Jones damages or loses his right eye sometime between the events of 1969 and the early 1990s, when the "Old Indy" segments take place, as the elderly Indiana Jones wears an eyepatch.
1969
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In the backstory of Dial of Destiny, Mutt Williams died in the Vietnam War, causing Jones' marriage with Marion to collapse before he moved to New York City.
Image source: List of Indiana Jones characters
1935
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Set in 1935, Indiana Jones travels to India and attempts to free enslaved children and the three Sankara stones from the bloodthirsty Thuggee cult in this prequel to Raiders of the Lost Ark.
1936
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In his first screen adventure, Indiana Jones, a tenured professor of archaeology and native of Princeton, New Jersey, is pitted against Nazis commissioned by Hitler to recover artifacts of great power from the Old Testament.
Image source: Raiders of the Lost Ark
1938
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The third film returned to the formula of the original, reintroducing characters such as Sallah and Marcus Brody, a scene from Professor Jones' classroom at Barnett College, multiple locations, and Nazi mystics searching for the Holy Grail.
1944
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Archimedes' Dial, a relic Jones and Basil Shaw retrieved, was taken from the Nazis in 1944 during the Allied liberation of Europe in World War II.
Image source: Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny
1957
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Set in 1957, nineteen years after the third film, it pits an older, wiser Indiana Jones against Soviet KGB agents bent on harnessing the power of an extraterrestrial device discovered in South America.
1969
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Set in 1969, twelve years after the fourth film, Jones teaches at Hunter College in New York City with plans to retire until goddaughter Helena Shaw arrives seeking Archimedes' Dial while Nazi-turned-NASA scientist Jürgen Voller pursues them.
1981
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The character first appeared in the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, introducing Indiana Jones as a tenured professor of archaeology facing Nazis in search of biblical artifacts.
1984
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The second film in the series was released in 1984 as a prequel set in 1935, following Jones to India where he battles the Thuggee cult.
Image source: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom
Jun 1989
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The third film was released in June 1989, returning to the formula of the original and sending Jones in pursuit of the Holy Grail alongside Nazi mystics.
May 2008
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The fourth film in the series, released in 2008, pitted an older Indiana Jones against Soviet KGB agents seeking the power of an extraterrestrial device discovered in South America.
2023
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The fifth and final film in the series was released in 2023, following Jones in 1969 as he faces Jürgen Voller, a Nazi-turned-NASA scientist who wants to exploit Archimedes' Dial to change the outcome of World War II.
1937
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Indiana Jones and the Great Circle features a standalone narrative taking place in Italy during 1937, placing it between the events of Raiders of the Lost Ark and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.
Image source: Indiana Jones and the Great Circle
2008
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Lego Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures was released in 2008 and follows the plots of the first three films.
Image source: Lego Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures
Oct 1, 2009 - Dec 31, 2009
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Lego Indiana Jones 2: The Adventure Continues was released in late 2009, following the success of the first Lego Indiana Jones game.
Image source: Lego Indiana Jones 2: The Adventure Continues
Oct 1, 2011 - Dec 31, 2011
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Social gaming company Zynga introduced Indiana Jones to their Adventure World game in late 2011.
Image source: Adventure (1980 video game)
2024
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An original Indiana Jones game developed by MachineGames and published by Bethesda Softworks for Windows and Xbox Series X/S, with Troy Baker providing the voice and motion capture for the character.
Apr 1981
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Raiders of the Lost Ark was novelized by Campbell Black based on Lawrence Kasdan's script and published in April 1981 by Ballantine Books.
1983 - 1986
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Following the Raiders of the Lost Ark adaptation, Marvel published The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones from 1983 to 1986.
May 1984
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Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom was novelized by James Kahn based on Willard Huyck & Gloria Katz's script and published May 1984 by Ballantine Books.
Jun 1989
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Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade was novelized by Rob MacGregor based on Jeffrey Boam's script and published June 1989 by Ballantine Books.
Feb 1991 - Feb 1999
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From February 1991 through February 1999, twelve original Indiana Jones-themed adult novels were licensed by Lucasfilm Ltd., beginning with Indiana Jones and the Peril at Delphi (Feb 1991), followed by titles such as Dance of the Giants (June 1991), Seven Veils (Dec 1991), Genesis Deluge (Feb 1992), Unicorn's Legacy (Sep 1992), Interior World (Dec 1992), Sky Pirates (Dec 1993), White Witch (Apr 1994), Philosopher's Stone (May 1995), Dinosaur Eggs (Mar 1996), Hollow Earth (Mar 1997), and Secret of the Sphinx (Feb 1999).
1992 - 1996
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From 1992 to 1996, following its Fate of Atlantis adaptation, Dark Horse published seven limited series as well as comics based on The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles television series.
2004
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In 2004, Indiana Jones appeared in the non-canon story "Into the Great Unknown", first published in Star Wars Tales #19, crossing over with Star Wars.
Image source: Into the Great Unknown
2008 - 2009
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With the franchise's revival in 2008, Dark Horse published an adaptation of Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, plus the additional limited series Indiana Jones and the Tomb of the Gods, published from 2008 to 2009.
May 2008
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Nearly 20 years after the last novelization, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull was novelized by James Rollins and published in May 2008 by Ballantine Books. Scholastic Books also published juvenile novelizations of all four scripts by Ryder Windham, Suzanne Weyn, Ryder Windham, and James Luceno.
Image source: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
Sep 2009
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Indiana Jones and the Army of the Dead, the thirteenth original adult novel, was published by Ballantine Books in September 2009; unlike the first twelve, which were published by Bantam Books, this final one came from Ballantine Books.
Image source: Indiana Jones
1989
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The Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular! has been presented at Disney's Hollywood Studios with few changes since the park's 1989 opening, when it was known as Disney-MGM Studios.
Image source: Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular!
1993
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Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril is a looping roller coaster engineered by Intamin, designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, and opened in 1993.
Image source: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril
Dec 1994
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Ford was approached to reprise his role as Indiana Jones for the Disney attractions, but negotiations to secure Ford's participation broke down in December 1994 for unknown reasons.
1995 - 2001
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The attractions, some of the most expensive of their kind at the time, opened in 1995 and 2001 respectively, with sole design credit attributed to Walt Disney Imagineering.
Aug 2009
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Stunt performer Anislav Varbanov was fatally injured in August 2009 while rehearsing the Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular! show.
1992 - 1996
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From 1992 to 1996, George Lucas wrote and executive-produced The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, a television series aimed mainly at teenagers and children showing important early 20th-century events and historical figures through the prism of Jones' life.
1999
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In 1999, Lucas removed the episode introductions and epilogues by George Hall for the VHS and DVD releases and re-edited the episodes into chronologically ordered feature-length stories.
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