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The history of toothpaste traces how civilizations developed increasingly effective products to clean teeth, freshen breath, and prevent decay. More Less
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800
In the 9th century, the Iraqi musician and designer Ziryab invented a type of toothpaste and popularized it throughout Islamic Spain.
Image source: Ziryab
1700
An 18th-century American and British toothpaste recipe called for burned bread as an ingredient.
Image source: Toothpaste
1769
During Japan's Edo period, Hiraga Gennai's Hika rakuyo contained advertisements for Sosekiko, described as a toothpaste in a box.
1800
Tooth powders intended for use with toothbrushes came into general use in Britain during the 19th century.
1866
The 1866 Home Encyclopedia recommended pulverized charcoal and cautioned that many commercially marketed patented tooth powders did more harm than good.
1800
Toothpastes or powders came into general use during the 19th century.
1800
Pre-mixed toothpastes were first marketed in the 19th century, although tooth powder remained more popular until World War I.
1873
In 1873, the Colgate company began mass production of aromatic toothpaste packaged in jars.
Image source: Colgate-Palmolive
1880
In 1880, Doctor Washington Sheffield of New London, Connecticut, manufactured toothpaste in a collapsible tube under the name Dr. Sheffield's Creme Dentifrice.
1896
In York in 1896, Colgate-Palmolive Dental Cream was packaged in collapsible tubes modeled after Sheffield's packaging.
1900 - 2000
Arm & Hammer marketed a baking soda-based toothpowder in the United States until approximately 2000.
1908
After 17 years of development and clinical trials for Kolynos, Jenkins retired and transferred production and distribution to his son Leonard A. Jenkins.
Apr 13, 1908
Leonard A. Jenkins brought the first Kolynos toothpaste tubes to market on April 13, 1908.
1909
A branch operation for Kolynos opened in London in 1909.
1937
By 1937, Kolynos was produced in 22 countries and sold in 88 countries.
1937
An analogous toothpaste invention by Roy Cross of Kansas City, Missouri, was initially criticized by the American Dental Association in 1937.
1955
Leonard Marraffino invented striped toothpaste in 1955.
1957
The striped-toothpaste invention received US patent 2,789,731 in 1957; the patent was subsequently sold to Unilever.
1960
Unilever marketed the striped-toothpaste novelty under the Stripe brand name in the early 1960s.
1965
The Signal brand was introduced in Europe in 1965, under UK patent 813,514.
1990
In 1990, Colgate-Palmolive received USPTO patent 4,969,767 for toothpaste with two differently colored stripes.
1995
Colgate-Palmolive took over the production of American Home Products in 1995 at a cost of one billion US dollars.
2000
After Arm & Hammer's US toothpowder marketing ended around 2000, Colgate continued to market toothpowder in India and other countries.
2016
In 2016, Colgate-Palmolive received USPTO patent U.S. 20,160,228,347 for filling suitable differently colored toothpastes directly into tubes to produce a striped mix without separate compartments.
1891
After returning to the United States, the toothpaste developer continued experimenting with Harry Ward Foote, a professor of chemistry at Yale University's Sheffield Chemical Laboratory.
1900
By 1900, a paste made from hydrogen peroxide and baking soda was recommended for use with toothbrushes.
1950
In 1950, Procter & Gamble created a joint research project headed by Joseph C. Muhler at Indiana University to study a new fluoride toothpaste.
1955
In 1955, Procter & Gamble's Crest launched its first clinically proven fluoride-containing toothpaste.
1900 - 2000
The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the worldwide introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes.
1977
Since 1977, 37 cases of delayed and immediate PEG hypersensitivity to PEG-containing substances have been reported, suggesting unrecognized allergenic potential.
2006
A 2006 review of clinical research concluded that there was evidence for the effectiveness of 0.30% triclosan in reducing plaque and gingivitis.
Image source: Triclosan
2007
The inclusion of sweet-tasting but toxic diethylene glycol in Chinese-made toothpaste led to a 2007 recall involving multiple toothpaste brands in several nations.
2013
A 2013 Cochrane review found that triclosan achieved a 22% reduction in plaque and a 48% reduction in bleeding gums associated with gingivitis.
2015
Following the Microbead-Free Waters Act of 2015, the use of microbeads in toothpaste was discontinued in the United States.
2016
A 2016 systematic review indicated that using toothpaste while brushing does not necessarily affect the level of plaque removal.
2017
A 2017 systematic review concluded that nearly all dentifrices specifically formulated for tooth whitening beneficially reduced extrinsic stains, whether or not a chemical discoloration agent was added.
2019
A 2019 Cochrane review concluded that the listed fluoride concentrations were likely to prevent tooth decay.
2019
The risk of using fluoride is considered low enough that full-strength toothpaste containing 1350–1500 ppm fluoride is advised for people of all ages.
2020
A 2020 meta-analysis found some evidence for herbal toothpaste efficacy, although the supporting studies were of poor quality.
2020
A 2020 systematic metareview found that herbal toothpastes were as effective as non-herbal toothpastes in reducing dental plaque at shorter follow-up periods of four weeks.
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