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Red River Rebellion Timeline
(1869–1870)The Red River Rebellion was a Métis-led resistance in the Red River Settlement against the Canadian government’s transfer and survey of Rupert’s Land. Led politically by Louis Riel, it resulted in negotiations that created Manitoba in 1870, though tensions and violence continued afterward. More Less
Historical background
The Métis develop the fur-trade economy
1700 - 1899
Métis men established traditions of working as trappers, guides, and interpreters for fur traders while their communities also developed farms.
Image source: Métis
English and Scottish traders marry into Indigenous communities
1700 - 1799
In the late eighteenth century, English and Scottish men entered the fur trade and married into Ojibwe and other First Nations communities in the region.
European and Indigenous communities intermarry
1700 - 1899
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European and Indigenous peoples in the region intermarried and developed interconnected communities.
Treaty of Utrecht confirms British claims
1713
The Treaty of Utrecht confirmed British claims to the territory later associated with Rupert's Land and removed Louis XIV and his subjects from it.
Image source: Peace of Utrecht
Treaty of Paris changes North American control
1763
The Treaty of Paris confirmed George III's dispossession of nearly all of Louis XV's North American colonies, further establishing the imperial context for the Red River region.
Image source: Treaty of Paris (1763)
Ontario settlers increase anglophone presence
1800 - 1899
More anglophone Protestants began settling in the Red River region from Ontario during the nineteenth century, adding to the colony's linguistic and religious tensions.
Image source: Red River Colony
French Métis families establish farms
1800 - 1899
In the early nineteenth century, families associated with the Red River communities developed farming traditions, with European husbands in the St. Marie context described by the source.
Transfer and resistance
Rupert's Land Act authorizes transfer
1868
The British Rupert's Land Act of 1868 authorized the transfer of Rupert's Land, creating the legal basis for its subsequent acquisition by Canada.
Image source: Rupert's Land Act 1868
The Red River Resistance begins
1869 - 1870
The Red River Rebellion, also called the Red River Resistance or First Riel Rebellion, developed into the sequence of events surrounding Métis opposition to Canada's expansion into the Red River Colony.
Image source: Red River Rebellion
The federal government's first crisis emerges
1869 - 1870
The Red River crisis became the first major crisis faced by Canada's new federal government after Confederation in 1867.
Key Facts
- The rebellion began after Canada acquired Rupert’s Land from the Hudson’s Bay Company without adequately consulting the Métis and other residents of the Red River Settlement.
- Métis communities opposed the Canadian survey system, which threatened their river-lot landholdings and traditional rights.
- Louis Riel emerged as the political leader of the Métis resistance and helped establish a provisional government in 1869.
- Negotiations between the provisional government and Canada led to the Manitoba Act, creating Manitoba as Canada’s fifth province in 1870.
- The execution of Thomas Scott intensified English-speaking Canadian hostility toward Riel and contributed to the later North-West Resistance of 1885.
Source
This Red River Rebellion timeline was generated with the help of AI, using information found on the internet.
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